He aha te rahi o te huinga dicalcium phosphate e tino pai ana mō ngā kararehe?

Ngā Hāinga o te Dicalcium Phosphate i runga i te Hapori o ngā Kararehe me ō rātou Āhua

Ko ngā hāinga o te dicalcium phosphate (DCP) mō ngā kararehe e rere ana tonu i runga i te hapori, i te whānui o ngā rautaki whakamāhi i te kai me ngā whāinga o te whānui. Ko tēnei wāhanga e whakamārama ana i ngā hāinga rerekē o ngā manu, ngā kararehe ruminant, me ngā kararehe kāore i te ruminant, e whakamāhi ana i ngā rārangi e tautuhia ana e ngā whakamātautau kia whakamārama ai te whakamātautau.

Ngā Manu: Ngā hāinga o ngā manu kia whānui, ngā manu kia tipu, me te whānui o te rātio o te calcium-phosphorus

Ko ngā hiahia mō te phosphate dicalcium i ngā manu kai he rerekē tonu i waenganui i te whānanga o ngā hua hūpē me te whānanga o ngā kiko. Me whakamātautau ngā manu kai hūpē i te kai pūmau o te calcium—i te 3.5–4.0%—kia tautoko ai te hanganga o ngā kōhao hūpē, me te whakawhitinga o te calcium ki te phosphorus (Ca:P) e tātai ana i te 12:1 (NRC 1994). Ko ngā manu kai kiko, e whai ana i te whānanga tere o ngā tuarā, e hiahia ana i te calcium i te 0.9–1.0% anake, me te whakawhitinga Ca:P iti ake o te 2:1. Ko te maha o ngā phosphorus i ngā manu kai hūpē e whakamāngai ana i te kounga o ngā kōhao; ko te rerekētanga i ngā manu kai kiko e pāpā ana i ngā raruraru o ngā waewae. Ko te tātaritanga e whai nei he tauira o ngā taupā o te whakauru kai:

Ko te whakamātautau he mea matua: i tēnei tau 2022, i whakaū mai te whakamātautau ā-pūrākau i tēnei, i tātai ai i te pakaru o te whakamātautau kai i te 5% ināianei i ngā whakawhitinga whānui i te ±10% mai i ēnei whakawhitinga whānui. Ka taea ngā enezima o te phytase te whakamāmā i te whakauru DCP i te 20–30% mā te whakawhitinga i ngā phosphorus kīna i te phytate—engari me whakamātau tonu te whakawhitinga Ca:P.

Ngā kararehe e kai ana i ōna whānanga (ngā kuri, ngā hipi): Ko te hanganga o ngā phosphorus o ngā mīkrohi, me ngā rerekētanga o te whaiwainga o te phosphate dicalcium

Ko ngā kararehe e kai ana i ngā rākau (ruminants) he whāia ngā hua o te whakamārama o te phosphorus e ngā mīkro, ā, he iti ake te hiahia ki ngā pūtake inorganic hauānga. Heoi anō, ko te whaiwhai o te dicalcium phosphate i ngā kau me ngā hipi he iti noa—i te wāhi o te 55–65%, he iti atu nui i te monocalcium phosphate (NRC 2001). Nō reira, ko ngā kau tāwhai mātua—e whakawhitinga ana i te ~0.9 g phosphorus i te lita wāhi o te miraka—e hiahiatia ana ngā 0.35–0.40% phosphorus i te kai, i te wāhi o te kai maroke. Ko ngā hipi e hiahiatia ana i te iti ake: 0.20–0.25%. Ko te rūmēn acidosis iti ake hoki te whaiwhai o te phosphorus, ā, he matua tonu te whakamārama tika i ngā wā whakamātau. I tēnei tau (2023), i tēnei whakamātau i ngā kau e mira ana, i tāwhai ngā 30% o te DCP ki tētahi pūtake phosphorus e whaiwhai ake ana, ā, i piki ake te whakamārama o te miraka i te 1.2 kg i te rā—engari ko ngā wāhi e toe mai ana o te DCP i whakamārama tonu i te calcium hei tautoko mō ngā whatu. Nō reira, ahakoa he iti ngā whaiwhai, ko te dicalcium phosphate tonu te pūtake uta, e rua ngā mahi, o ngā mīnirā i ngā kai o ngā kararehe e kai ana i ngā rākau.

Ngā kararehe kāore i te whakamātautau (ngā hōiho, ngā kuri): Te whaiwhai o te whakamātautau me ngā rāhui o te tāwhai mātua mō te dicalcium phosphate

Ko ngā kai-kore he kai tāwhai i te phosphorus i te wāhi o te puku iti—ka whakamāhinga i a rātou ki te whakamātua, ā, hāngā hoki ki te whakamātua kōrero. Ko ngā hōiho e whakamāhinga ana i te dicalcium phosphate i te wāhi o te puku iti i te 70%—he tautoko i te whakamāhinga māmā o te rerekētanga. Ko te whakamātua māmā he 1–2 oz i ia rā; ko ngā hōiho e whāngai ana i ō rātou pēpi e hiahia ana i te 3 oz. Ko ngā kuri e whakamāhinga ana i te nui ake, ka whakamāmā i te rārangi haumaru. Ko ngā taupānga whānui he 0.5–1 teaspoon i ia 10 lbs o te tāwhai. Ka rere ake te whakamātua i te 2 g/kg o te tāwhai, ka whakamāhinga i te hyperphosphatemia me ngā pākanga o te kiko o te kōpū (ngā raraunga o te whakamātua kōpū, 2020). Ko te whakamātua roa he whakamāhinga i te manako kai, ā, ka whakamāhinga hoki i ngā rerekētanga o ngā kōiwi. He mea matua, me noho tonu te tauira o te calcium ki te phosphorus i te kai katoa i te ≤2:1—ki te rere ake i tēnei, ka whakamāhinga i te whakamāhinga o ngā minarā i ngā momo kai e rua. Me whakaingoatia tonu te calcium i tēnei wā i ngā kai kōmihana i te whakamātua o te DCP.

Ngā Hāinga Matua o te Whakamātua o te Dicalcium Phosphate i ngā Kai o ngā Kararehe

Ko te tau o te dicalcium phosphate e hiahiatia ana i tēnei rātione kāore i whakamāhua—ka huri mai i runga i te āhua o te tinana me ōna hauora. Ahakoa he wāhi tīmatanga whānui, ko te whakamāmā i te tau mutunga hei whakamāmā i ngā āhuatanga e whai ana i te phosphorus me te calcium, i tō rātou whakamāhi, me ō rātou whakaaetanga.

Te ao o te oranga, te huringa o te tipu, me te āhua o te whānanga (pērā i te whāngai, te whānanga o ngā hākari)

Ko ngā kararehe rangatahi e tere te tipu, e hiahia ana ki te nui ake o te kōhauhau ia waeine taumaha tinana i ngā kararehe pakeke nā te noho tonu o te matū wheua. Ka kaha ake te whakaputa i tēnei hiahia: ka hurihia e ngā poaka me ngā kau waiu te nui o te kōhua ki te waiu, ā, he maha ngā wā ka rua te nui o ngā hiahia tiaki. Hei tauira, ka hiahiatia pea e ngā kau pēke i te tihi o te whakatipu 0.350.40% te kōhungahunga kai i runga i te pūtake matū marokerua te ōrau o te 0.20% e hiahiatia ana e ngā kau maroke. I roto i ngā heihei whakangote, ka tautoko te tāpiritanga DCP i te hanga o te kōhua, me ngā whāinga noa o te 1,5% konupūmā kai me te ōwehenga Ca:P tata ki te 6:1engari me noho pūmau te kōhua e wātea ana i te 0.350.40% hei ārai i ngā hapa Nā reira, ka piki ake te taumata o te ora, te tere o te tipu, me te hua whakaputa; kāore e taea te whakatika i te mōrea o te ngoikoretanga, te nui rānei o te DCP.

Ngā mate hauora e pā ana ki te tāruatanga o ngā kohukete nuinga o te mahi o te pūpū me te toenga waikawa-waikawa

Ko te mate o ngā kōpū o te wāhi e whakamāngai ana i te whakawhitinga o te phosphorus, ā, he rāwekenga o te whāia o te hyperphosphatemia me ngā pānga o te hyperparathyroidism. I ngā hāngā o te mātua o te whāia o ngā kōpū, me whakamāmā te phosphorus i te kai ki te 0.2–0.3% i runga i te tuarā o te kai mō ngā kuri me ngā ngeru—ā, kāore he whakamārama o te DCP i tēnei wā, ā, me te ārahitanga o te kaiwhakaora. Ko te rārangi o te acidosis o te tinana—e rite ana ki te acidosis o te rumen, i ngā kaiwhānui, me ngā acidosis mātua o ngā kaiwhānui—ka whakamāua te whakamāmā o ngā kōiwi, ā, ka pānui ake te whakawhitinga o te phosphorus i te ura, ā, ka pānui ake te hiahia ki te phosphorus e whakamāmā ana. Engari, ko te whakamāmā i te rārangi o te acid-base te take tuatahi; ko te whakaputanga o te DCP i tēnei wā, i tēnei wā, ka whakamāua te rārangi o ngā mineral. Ko ngā āhuatanga pērā i te hypocalcemic tetany i ngā kau mātua anō hoki e whakaatu ana i te hononga o te calcium me te phosphorus—ko te whakaputanga mātua o te DCP i tēnei wā, i tēnei wā, ka whakamāua ngā tohu o te mate. Nō reira, ko ngā āhuatanga katoa e whakamāua ana i te whakamāmā o ngā mineral, i te rārangi o te acid-base, i te whāia o ngā kōpū, me te ārahitanga o te kaiwhakaora i te DCP—kāore he whakamāmā i ngā whāinga.

Te Whakamāhi i te Tātai: Te Whananga i ngā whakauru phosphate dicalcium e whai pūmanawa ana i te haumātua me te whai hua

Ngā whakawhitinga o te kōpae kai: te phytate, te whānui, me te whakamāngai o te vitamin D i te phosphate dicalcium

Ko te whaiwaenga o te phosphate dicalcium he mea rere kore—ehā hoki i tōna ake—ā, he nui ngā pānga o te mātātoko kai. Ko te phytate, te wāhi matua o te phosphate i ngā kai pūtake o ngā rākau, e whakamātai ana i te calcium me te phosphate ki ngā whakamātai kore-whakamāhinga, ā, e whakakaha ana i te whakamāhinga o te phosphate i ngā kararehe monogastric i te 50% (NRC 2012). I te whakauru i te whakamāhinga phytase, ka whakamāhinga ngā mātātoko kīngi, ā, ka whakakaha ake i te uara o te DCP. Ko ngā whakamāhinga o te kōkōrā e whakamāhinga ana i te whakamāhinga i ā rātou āhua: ko ngā kōkōrā whakamāhinga e whakakaha ana i te whakamāhinga o te kai, ā, e whakamāhinga ana i te whakamāhinga o ngā kīngi; ko ngā kōkōrā kore-whakamāhinga e whakamāhinga ana i te wā o te haere mai o te kai i te puku, ā, e whakamāhinga ana i te wā o te whakamāhinga ki ngā whakamāhinga—ko ēnei āhua e rua e whakakaha ana i te whakamāhinga o te kīngi i ngā kai kōkōrā. Ko te vitamin D he whakamāhinga matua: ko tōna whakamāhinga mātua, ko te calcitriol, e whakakaha ana i ngā whakamāhinga o te calcium i te puku me ngā whakamāhinga o te sodium-phosphate. Mēnā kāore he vitamin D ōrite—e rere ana i ngā kararehe i raro i ngā whare, i ngā wāhi kīngi—ka rere tonu ngā whakamāhinga o te DCP, ā, ka rere tonu ngā whakamāhinga o ngā kīngi. Nō reira, ko te whakamāhinga pai he whakamāhinga o ngā whakamāhinga o te phytase, o ngā kōkōrā, me te āhua o te vitamin D kia whakamāhinga ai te phosphate i te ara tika, i te ara pai.

Wāhanga FAQ

He aha ngā whāinga o te dicalcium phosphate i ngā kai o ngā kararehe?

Ko te dicalcium phosphate he whakauru mātātoko hauāwhina hei whakamāngai i ngā kai o ngā kararehe hei whakamāngai i te calcium me te phosphorus e hiahiatia ana mō te hauāwhina o ngā tātai, te hanganga o ngā kōpū hākari, te whananga o te miraka, me ngā mahi o te tinana i ngā kararehe.

He aha ngā take e whakamārama ana i te matua o ngā whakawhitinga o te calcium ki te phosphorus i te whanganga o ngā kararehe?

Kia tika ngā whakawhitinga o te calcium ki te phosphorus hei whakamāngai i te whakamāngai pai o ngā mātātoko, ā, kia whakakore ai ngā raruraru pērā i te iti o te whananga o ngā tātai, ngā raru o ngā kōpū hākari, me ngā raru o te mātātoko.

Pehea te whakamāhua a phytase enzyme i te whakamāngai o te dicalcium phosphate?

Ko ngā enzyme o te phytase e whakamāhua ana i te phosphorus e herea ana e te phytate i ngā kai, e whakapai ake ana i te whakamāngai, ā, e whakamāmā ana i te whakamāngai o te dicalcium phosphate.

He raru pūreirei te whakamāngai o te dicalcium phosphate?

Āe, ko te whakamāngai o te dicalcium phosphate i te maha he take o te hyperphosphatemia, ngā raru o ngā tātai, me ngā raru o ngā kōpū i ngā kararehe kāore he ruminant. Ko te whakamāngai tika he mea matua.