Me pēhea te Whakamahi i te Pūrau Parakaraka Āhua hei Kōpae Mātai?

He aha ngā take e rerekē ai te kōrero kai āwhina i te wai tāwhara kōrēnui i tēnei kōrero kai āwhina ōtāhū?

Te tuhinga o te NPK me ngā āhua o te nitrogene mātātoko (pērā i te 7–7–7, te 8–10% o te nitrogene katoa, te 65% o te ammoniacal/ureic-N)

Ko te pūtake o te wai kōrānui (corn steep liquor powder) e whakawhitinga ana i te rārangi NPK tāwhai—e mōhiotia ana hei 7–7–7—ahakoa he iti ngā rereketanga o ngā uara i runga i ngā hāhātanga o te whakamāhinga. Ko te nitrogene katoa i tēnei wā i te 8% ki te 10%, ā, he nui ake i te 65% o tēnei e wātea ana i ngā āhua ammoniacal me ngā āhua ureic e taea ana e ngā tipu i tēnei wā. I raro i ngā whakamāhinga ā-organik āpiti e maha e hiahiatia ana ngā wiki o te whakamāhinga ā-microbe, ko tēnei ōrite o te nitrogene e wātea ana i tēnei wā e tautoko ana i te whananga ā-tāwhai, ā, ko te wāhi o te āhua ā-organik e totohu ana i ngā nutriente i tēnei wā, e whakarite ana i te hāngā o ngā kākano. Ko ngā phosphate me ngā potasium e tautoko ana anō i te whananga o ngā takotoranga me te whakamātau i ngā pānga o waho, ā, he pai hoki mō ngā kākano pāpaku, ngā kākano hua, me ngā mahi hortikultūre taumata teitei. I raro i te hua ā-taiao o te whakamāhinga o ngā kōrānui i te wai, kāore he āhua ā-pūtaiao—ahakoa ko tana whai hua i te nitrogene e rite ana ki ēnei ā-pūtaiao kua whiriwhiria, nā tēnei āhua tuarua o te whakawhitinga. Ko tēnei whakawhitinga o te hāngā me te whai hua e whakamārama ana i tēnei i tēnei wā i ngā rārangi ā-organik me ngā rārangi ā-taiao.

Ngā āmino ākara, ngā wītiamīni B, me ngā whakamātautau o ngā mīkrohī (GABA, proline, phenyllactic acid)

I tēnei i ngā makronutrient, ko te kōpū o te kōrākōrā he whānui ngā amino acid mātātoko, ngā wāhi o te wai o ngā vitamin B, me ngā metabolite i whanake mai i te whakamātau. Ko ngā amino acid proline me gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) e mahi ana hei osmolytes me ngā whāinga o te antioxidant, ā, e āki ana i ngā rākau kia taea te tāwhai i ngā āki o te whakamāmao, o te hīkawea, me ngā pānga o ngā pūrākau. Ko ngā vitamin biotin, riboflavin (B2), me thiamine (B1) he whāinga hāngai i ngā hāngai o te energetics, ā, e whakakaha ana i te whakauru o ngā mikrobiome pai ki ngā takotoranga o ngā rākau. Ko te phenyllactic acid—ēnei he taputapu whakamātautau o te pūrākau—e whakamārama ana i te whakamātautau o te oneone. Kāore ngā molekū o te ora nei e kai anō i ngā rākau anake; engari, e whakamārama ana i ngā whakautu o te tinana kia whakamārama ai i te whakamātautau o ngā nutriente, i te whakamātautau o te chlorophyll, me te whakamātautau o te kaha o te rākau. Nā te whakamātautau o te kōpū, he whānui ngā tohu o ngā mikrobiome i whanake mai i tēnei whakamātau, ā, he whānui ngā nutriente o te ora kia taea te whakamātautau, ā, kāore he whakamātautau artifical e taea te whakamātautau—ka whakamārama ai i tēnei hei wāhanga o te whakamātautau o ngā rākau, ā, he uaua ngā whakamātautau o te ora me ngā whakamātautau o te whakamāmao.

He aha ngā hua o te pūtake o te wai kōrera ā-kōrera i te hauora o te oneone me te whakamāhua i ngā nutrihanga

Te whakamāhinga i ngā mīkrobi o te tika me te whakakaha i ngā taonga o te oneone

Ko te pūtake o te kai mā te wāhi o te oneone i ngā mīkrohīkoro—ka tātari i ngā amino acid, ngā peptide, ngā wāhi B, me ngā āhua hūtātā. Ko tēnei he whakamātau mō te whananga o te mātua o ngā mīkrohīkoro, ā, āta whakamātau hoki i ngā hīkoro e whakamahi ana i te naitrōjini, e whakamāhinga ana i te naitrōjini, me ngā hīkoro e whakamāhinga ana i te phosphate. Ko te whananga o ngā mīkrohīkoro he whakamātau mō te whakamāhinga o ngā hua o te oneone, ā, he whakamātau hoki i te whakamāhinga o ngā rākau. Ko ngā hua o ngā mīkrohīkoro—ko ngā polysaccharide me te glomalin—hei whakamātau mō te whakamāhinga o te oneone, hei whakamātau hoki i te whakamāhinga o te wai, i te whakamāhinga o te wāhi, me te whakamāhinga o te āhua. I ngā wā e maha, ko te kābona ōrite o te pūtake he whakamātau mō te whakamāhinga o te oneone, hei whakamātau hoki i te whakamāhinga o te āhua o te oneone me te whakamāhinga o te pH. He mea matua, ko tēnei te whakamāhinga o te āhua o te oneone hei whakamātau mō te whakamāhinga o ngā mate o ngā rākau, hei whakamātau hoki i te ora o te oneone me te whakamāhinga o ngā rākau i ngā wā roa.

Te whakamāhua ake i te Whaiwhakainga o te Nitrogen (NUE) i ngā kākano pērā i te pipiwharauroa me te tāmāri

Ko te nitrogen i te kōpū kōrākī ā-kōrākī he iti noa ngā āhua ammoniacal me ngā āhua ureic—ka tuku i te wāhanga tuatahi—i te wā hoki ka whakamāua ngā wāhanga organic nitrogen i te wā roa, ka whakamāua te hāngā i ngā wā hāngā matua. Ko tēnei whakamāua e tātou i te wā e mātua ana te whakamāua o ngā nitrate i ngā hāngā ā-pākihi. I tēnei tau i te whakamātautau i te whare pākihi mō te pipiwharauroa ( Capsicum annuum ) ko te whakamātautau i te rākau i te kōpū kōrākī ā-kōrākī i whakamāhua ake i te tipu me te whaiwhakainga o te nitrogen i ngā wā e kore ana te nitrogen—i tēnei i whakamāhua ake i ngā whakamātautau kāore i te whakamātautau. Ko te wāhi o te GABA, o te proline, me te phenyllactic acid i āwhina i te whakamāua i ngā mahi o te rākau i ngā wā o te whakamāua o te nitrogen, ā, nā reira i whakamāhua ake ai te whakamāua o ngā rākau ki te whanake o ngā rākau me ngā hua. Mō ngā kākano uaua pērā i te pipiwharauroa me te tāmāri, ko tēnei he whakamāua o ngā hua i ngā wā e iti ake ana ngā whakamātautau o te nitrogen—ka whakamāua ake ngā utu, ngā pānga ki te taiao, me ngā pānga ki te kounga.

Ngā Tikanga Tika o te Whakamāhi i te Pūtake o te Karu Kōrero o te Māra

Te Whakamāhi i te Rākau ā-Rākau, i te Rākau ā-Tāwhai, i te Rākau ā-Tāngata: Te Wā, ngā āhua, me ngā whakamātautau

Ko ngā ara whakamāhi i tēnei huarahi e tātai ana i te pūtake o te tipu, i ngā āhuatanga o te oneone, me ngā whakauta e hiahia ana. Ko te whakamāhi i te takotoranga o ngā rākau—i te wāhanga o te wai i te rorohiko, i te whakauru ki te oneone—hei whāinga matua i te whakamāhi i te rākau, ā, he pai ake i te whakamāhi i te rākau i runga i te rākau hei whakamāhi mō te whakarereke i te nitrogene, me te whakamāhi i ngā mikro-ōrgānism, i tātai ai i ngā whakamātautau hōu i ngā pepa. Mō te whakamāhi i te rākau, whakamāhia he whakamāhi 2–3% (w/v) i te wā tuatahi o te tipu o ngā rākau, ā, he pai ake i te tīmatanga o te āhua, i te mutunga o te āhua kia kaha ake te whakamāhi, kia kore ai te whakamāhi i ngā rākau. Mō te whakamāhi i te oneone, whakamāhia he 1–2% o ngā pūpū i te wai o te rorohiko, i te whakauru i te 5–10 kg/ha ki te oneone tuatahi i mua i te whakaturanga. Ko te pūpū he iti te whakamāhi i te wai, ā, he pai ake i te whakamāhi i ngā rorohiko—ki te whakamāhi i ngā rorohiko kia tātai ai. Kāore e taea te whakamāhi i ngā whakamāhi kaha o ngā whakamāhi o te oneone, i ngā whakamāhi kaha o te kalsi, ā, ka rere mai i te whakamāhi; kia whakamāhia te whakamātautau i te ipu i mua i te whakamāhi nui. Ko te whakamāhi i te wā, me ngā whakamāhi i te tātai, hei whakamāhi i te whakamāhi pai o te nitrogene, me te iti o ngā whakamāhi i te taiao.

Te whai hua i te ao-ā-rea me ngā here o te pūtake o te wai kōrōnā

Ngā akoranga i te whenua me te whare paku—tāpirihia ko te 2024 Capsicum annuum trialwhakaponotia e te oneone-whakauru mai i te oneone te paura waipiro waro waro e tautoko ana i te tipu kaha ahakoa i raro i nga tikanga iti-nitrogen, e pai ake ana i nga tono rau i roto i te nuinga o nga ahuatanga. Ko tōna kaha e ahu mai ana i tōna ranunga nui o te hauota, ngā waikawa amino, me ngā huaora B. Heoi anō, me whakahaere ngā here mahi. Ko te rerekētanga o te huinga ki te huinga o te ihirangi kai e hiahiatia ana he tātari taiwhanga auau mō te tātai tere tika. Ko tōna āhua hīrokopiko ka taea te whakaū i te wā o te rokiroki me te whakahaere. Ko te >65% o te kiko o te amoniacal/ureic nitrogen e whakaara ana i te mōrearea tahuna mēnā ka whakamahia rawa i runga i ngā rau, ā, ka nui ake te āwangawanga ki te waikura i ngā oneone matotoru. I te mea he tāuru motuhake, kāore pea e tutuki i a ia te tono kōhuru me te kōpae kōpae katoa o ngā hua kai taumaha, nō reira he mea nui te whakaranu rautaki. Hei taapiri, ko te tohu tote toharite me te kaha ki te akiaki i nga ngaru moroiti e whai ake nei ko te tikanga me tirotiro e nga kaiwhakato te ahua o te hāora o te oneone me te karo i te whakamahi i nga mara e kore e pai te whakainu, e pakaru ranei. Mēnā ka whakamahia ki te arotahi ki te horopaki, ā, ka whakaritea ki ngā hiahia o te oneone me ngā hua, ka noho tonu te paura waipiro waro waro hei taputapu whai hua, whai hua koiora i roto i ngā hōtaka whakahaere kai whakauru.

FAQ

He aha te whāinga NPK o te pūtake o te wai kōnui?

Ko te whāinga tūturu o te NPK o te pūtake o te wai kōnui he 7–7–7, ahakoa āhua rerekē ngā uara i runga i te rautaki whakamātautau.

E pēhea ana te pūtake o te wai kōnui te whakapai i te hauā o te oneone?

Ka whakakaha i te mahi o ngā mīkrohū, ka whakapai i te hauā o te oneone, me te whakarereke i ngā rōpū oneone, ka whakapai i te whiwhinga wai me te whiwhinga taupua.

Mā te whakamātau i ngā rākau anō te whakamātau i te pūtake o te wai kōnui?

Āe, ka whakamātau i ngā rākau anō i te whāinga 2–3%, engari ko te whakamātau i ngā takotoranga he pai ake mō te whiwhinga taupua.

He aha ngā rerekētanga?

Ko ngā rerekētanga ko ngā rerekētanga o ngā taupua i ia huinga, te aha o te whakamātau i te wai, te whakamātau i te riri mātātoko mēnā e whakamātau ana, me te whakamātau i te wai i ngā oneone kākāriki.

He aha ngā rākau e whai pānga nui mai ana i te pūtake o te wai kōnui?

Ko ngā rākau kōpū, ngā rākau hua pērā i ngā pipi me ngā tāmārī, me ngā rākau hortikultūra uaua e whai pānga nui mai ana i tēnei.